Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)A Primer. Pilot Responsibilities When Conducting Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)Introduction. LAHSO is an acronym for . This means that, as pilot- in- command (or as an operator), several minutes of valuable time can be saved during every LAHSO landing and taxi- in. Think of the savings in fuel and operating expense - not to mention freeing up the runway for others to use, thereby increasing overall system capacity. This program, however, will work more effectively only if pilots have a clear understanding of what's expected of them. That's what this booklet is all about. For further information on LAHSO markings, signage, and lighting, see the Airman's Information Manual, Chanter 2, . Previously, the acronym . SOIR has grown into a procedure now used at over 8. United States, including many general aviation only (i. FAR Part 1. 39) airports. Tens of thousands of safe landings and departures have been achieved using SOIR. As airport operations increase, operations such as SOIR will become even more important, allowing aviation to grow while keeping expensive airport construction and delays down. The term LAHSO now replaces SOIR because SOIR is being expanded to include landing operations to hold short of an intersecting taxiway and to hold short of a designated point (such as a flight path hold short point). Increased LAHSO operations on wet runways are also anticipated. Pilot Responsibilities and Basic Procedures. LAHSO is an air traffic control procedure that requires pilot participation to balance the needs for increased airport capacity and system efficiency, consistent with safety. Short Operations Lahso ProgramaThis procedure can be done safely, provided pilots and controllers are knowledgeable and understand their responsibilities. With minimal additional preflight planning, pilots can help increase airport capacity- -SAFELY! The following paragraphs outline specific pilot/operator responsibilities when conducting LAHSO. Pilots may accept such a clearance provided that the pilot- in- command determines that the aircraft can safely land and stop within the Available Landing Distance (ALD). ALD data are published in the special notices section of the Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD). Controllers will also provide ALD data upon request. Short Operations Lahso Program TvLand And Hold Short Operations (LAHSO) include landing and holding short of an intersecting runway, an intersecting taxiway, or some other designated point on a runway.
Land and Hold Short Operations LAHSO - Each figure shows the approximate. Student pilots or pilots not familiar with LAHSO should not participate in the program. The pilot- in- command has the final authority to accept or decline any land and hold short clearance. The safety and operation of the aircraft remain the responsibility of the pilot. Pilots are expected to decline a LAHSO clearance if they determine it will compromise safety. FAR Part 1. 21 and 1. LAHSO approval authorization. To conduct LAHSO, pilots should become familiar with all available information concerning LAHSO at their destination airport. Pilots should have, readily available, the published ALD and runway slope information for all LAHSO runway combinations at each airport of intended landing. Additionally, knowledge about the aircraft's landing performance data permits the pilot to readily determine that the ALD for the assigned runway is sufficient for safe LAHSO. As part of a pilot's preflight planning process, pilots should determine if their destination airport has LAHSO. Domestic airports with LAHSO will have a note in the . Good pilot decision making is knowing in advance whether one can accept a LAHSO clearance if offered. The decision to accept a LAHSO clearance is completely up to the pilot. Many LAHSO combinations provide generous margins for most aircraft. Consequently, it's up to the pilot or operator to establish their own margins and to use these standards as a basis to either accept or decline a LAHSO clearance. If, for any reason, such as difficulty in discerning the location of a LAHSO intersection, wind conditions, aircraft condition, etc., the pilot elects to request to land on the full length of the runway, to land on another runway, or to decline LAHSO, the pilot is expected to promptly inform air traffic, ideally even before the clearance is issued. A LAHSO clearance, once accepted, must be adhered to, just as any other ATC clearance. The exceptions would be if an amended clearance is obtained or if emergency occurs. A LAHSO clearance does not preclude a rejected landing. Controllers need a full read back of all LAHSO clearances. In this read back, include the words, . Don't make the controller ask for a read back! A pilot who accepts a LAHSO clearance should land and exit the runway at the first convenient taxiway (unless directed otherwise) before reaching the hold short point. Otherwise, the pilot must stop and hold at the hold short point. If a rejected landing becomes necessary after accepting a LAHSO clearance, the pilot should maintain safe separation from other aircraft or vehicles, and should promptly notify the controller. Determining Your Landing Distance. The following aircraft related factors apply to all LAHSO and, among other factors, should be considered when determining whether an aircraft can land and come to a full stop within the ALD, and, if necessary, can perform a rejected landing. The elevation of the airport. The ambient temperature. True airspeed affects ground speed as well as braking ability. It also affects rejected landing performance.) The atmospheric pressure, i. The wind component, i. The effective runway gradient, i. ALD. Aircraft performance charts are based on a TCH of 5. TCH data is published in the A/FD as well as on the instrument approach procedure charts. TCH's in excess of 5. Existing runway surface conditions, as appropriate, e. Regulatory landing requirements for the specific kind of operation. This section applies to all FAR Parts 1. LAHSO operations. This is especially true for operations conducted under FAR Part 9. General aviation pilots should recognize that landing performance data are calculated for given landing flap configurations, weights, and speeds. Any increase in the published final approach speed can result in increased landing distances.)Aircraft equipment required for landing should be fully operational prior to conducting LAHSO. Inoperative deceleration systems such as brake components, spoilers, anti- skid systems, etc., and their accompanying inoperative restrictions may be listed in the aircraft's Minimum Equipment List (MEL). MEL items should be reviewed prior to landing. Pilots in aircraft that have been modified with tires, wheels, brakes, or brake pads that differ from the original type design should consider the impacts of these modifications on landing roll out distances before accepting LAHSO clearances. Remember: Only accept a LAHSO landing clearance if it provides plenty of margin for the aircraft's landing perfomance! Additional Suggestions. LAHSO- General. Airspeed control is the most important factor in achieving landing precision. Normally, the proper approach speed to be flown (for most but not all aircraft) is 1. Vso for the actual landing weight- often referred to as . If there is ANY doubt, just say . Since airspeed control is vital, coming in too fast is a set- up to landing long. Pilots should decline a LAHSO clearance whenever there is the potential for a wake vortex encounter from another aircraft or in potential wake vortex situations that necessitate a higher than normal approach path, resulting in a TCH greater than 5. From a flight planning perspective, if the Airport/Facility Directory states that LAHSO operations are conducted at a specific airport, expect and plan on receiving a LAHSO clearance. Listen to the ATIS if available. If the ATIS says that LAHSO/SOIR operations are in effect, review all applicable LAHSO/SOIR combinations (given the existing wind conditions) and have a clear understanding of which combinations will work for you and which ones will not. If in doubt, ask the controller for the ALD. Pilots should be extra vigilant whenever there is a temporary displaced threshold. It's a good idea to ask for the ALD if you are unsure or would like confirmation of the landing distance.)Pilots should be cautious when there is a tailwind on final. A tailwind component while on final approach or during the landing flare or roll- out can significantly increase the distance required for landing. Pilots should exercise extreme caution in accepting a LAHSO clearance whenever there is a reported tailwind component aloft of 1. AGL. Pilots should consider a limiting maximum crosswind component of 1. Airplane Flight Manual (AFM), Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH), or Owner's Manual suggests lower limits. Pilots should decline a LAHSO clearance if there are reports of thunderstorms or wind shear near the airport. The reason for this is that adverse weather may require higher than normal approach speeds, and thus may contribute to landing long. In the event of a rejected landing, i. ATC. LAHSO- Situational Awareness. Situational awareness is vital to the success of LAHSO. Situational awareness starts with having current airport information in the cockpit, readily accessible to the pilot. ATC expects pilots to specifically acknowledge and read back all LAHSO clearances as follows: EXAMPLE: ATC: . There have been several instances where the pilot working the radios accepted a LAHSO clearance but then simply forgot to tell the pilot flying the aircraft. Situational awareness also includes a thorough understanding of the airport markings, signage, and lighting associated with LAHSO. These visual aids consist of a three- part system of yellow hold- short markings, red and white signage and, in certain cases, in- pavement lighting. Visual aids assist the pilot in determining where to hold short. Figures 1- 3 depict how these markings, signage, and lighting combinations will appear once installed. Pilots are cautioned that not all airports conducting LAHSO have installed any or all of the above markings, signage, or lighting. Pilots should only receive a LAHSO clearance when there is a minimum ceiling of 1,0. The intent of having .
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